@article{55016,
  author = {Sun Lee Wu Kam Sontag ED Stone HA Sturm JC Gatenby RA Austin RH. Liu L Duclos G},
  title = {Minimization of thermodynamic costs in cancer cell invasion.},
  abstract = { <p>Metastasis, the truly lethal aspect of cancer, occurs when metastatic cancer cells in a tumor break through the basement membrane and penetrate the extracellular matrix. We show that MDA-MB-231 metastatic breast cancer cells cooperatively invade a 3D collagen matrix while following a glucose gradient. The invasion front of the cells is a dynamic one, with different cells assuming the lead on a time scale of 70 h. The front cell leadership is dynamic presumably because of metabolic costs associated with a long-range strain field that precedes the invading cell front, which we have imaged using confocal imaging and marker beads imbedded in the collagen matrix. We suggest this could be a quantitative assay for an invasive phenotype tracking a glucose gradient and show that the invading cells act in a cooperative manner by exchanging leaders in the invading front.</p> },
  year = {2013},
  journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Jan 29;110(5):1686-91. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1221147110. Epub 2013 Jan 14.},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23319630},
  language = {eng},
}